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Catholic Action
Catholic Action was the name of many groups of lay Catholics who were attempting to encourage a Catholic influence on society.
They were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries that fell under anti-clerical regimes such as Spain, Italy, Bavaria, France, and Belgium. Adolf Hitler attacked one of the heads of a Catholic Action group in Nazi Germany during the Night of the Long Knives.
Catholic Action is not a political party, although in many times and places this distinction became blurred. Since World War II the concept has often been eclipsed by Christian Democrat parties that were organised to combat Communist parties in places such as Italy and West Germany.〔Tom Truman, ''Catholic Action and Politics'' (London: The Merlin Press, 1960).〕
==Australia==
(詳細はNational Civic Council, under B.A. Santamaria. They were active in the Australian Labor Party, but were expelled by more left wing elements and went on to form the Democratic Labor Party.〔James Franklin, "Catholic Thought and Catholic Action: Dr Paddy Ryan Msc.," ''Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society'' (1996) 17:44-55 (online ).〕
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